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įred Cohen, who published one of the first academic papers on computer viruses in 1984, began to develop strategies for antivirus software in 1988 that were picked up and continued by later antivirus software developers. The first one was G Data and second was UVK 2000. There were also two antivirus applications for the Atari ST platform developed in 1987. Possibly the first publicly documented removal of a computer virus in the wild was performed by Bernd Fix in 1987. There are competing claims for the innovator of the first antivirus product. That changed when more and more programmers became acquainted with virus programming and created viruses that manipulated or even destroyed data on infected computers. Most of the computer viruses written in the early and mid-1980s were limited to self-reproduction and had no specific damage routine built into the code. See also: Timeline of notable computer viruses and worms
Finally, antivirus software generally runs at the highly trusted kernel level of the operating system, creating a potential avenue of attack. False positives can be as destructive as false negatives. If the antivirus software employs heuristic detection, success depends on achieving the right balance between false positives and false negatives. An incorrect decision may lead to a security breach. Inexperienced users may also have problems understanding the prompts and decisions that antivirus software presents them with. Antivirus software can impair a computer's performance. No matter how useful antivirus software can be, it can sometimes have drawbacks. Some antivirus software can also predict what a file will do by running it in a sandbox and analyzing what it does to see if it performs any malicious actions. One type of heuristic approach, generic signatures, can identify new viruses or variants of existing viruses by looking for known malicious code, or slight variations of such code, in files. To counter such so-called zero-day threats, heuristics can be used. However, it is possible for a computer to be infected with new malware for which no signature is yet known.
Signature-based detection involves searching for known patterns of data within executable code. This page discusses the software used for the prevention and removal of malware threats, rather than computer security implemented by software methods.Ī variety of strategies are typically employed. Computer security, including protection from social engineering techniques, is commonly offered in products and services of antivirus software companies. See also: Vulnerability to malware, Antivirus software (examples), and Virus removalĪntivirus or anti-virus software is software used to prevent, detect and remove malware (of all descriptions), such as: computer viruses, malicious BHOs, hijackers, ransomware, keyloggers, backdoors, rootkits, trojan horses, worms, malicious LSPs, dialers, fraudtools, adware and spyware.